WHAT IS A HOUSE FOR住宅所为何

Günther Vogt: I have been to Sardinia many times. The landscape there is interesting because, unlike in Switzerland, you have granite rocks without rough edges. They’re all organically shaped. This means there is a lot of time encapsulated in their formation; the land has been in a continuous process of erosion for a very long time.

However, the motivation for my choice is not Sardinia, but the figure of Alberto Ponis. I know him personally; we met in Palau where he has his office. He is an architect, trained in the UK, who in the 60’s, having left England and come back to Italy, instead of settling down in his birthplace, Genova, went to Sardinia and established a completely new architectural culture. What he found there were mainly buildings for farmers and shepherds. He had to deal with the very simple, rudimentary way of building. He could really start from scratch. There, in this primitive context, he developed a holistic view, an unprecedented culture based on an intimate relation between domestic architecture and the landscape. It sounds easy, but in the 60’s, to take the driving force for one’s architecture from landscape, was definitely not the obvious route.

WHILST THE PHYSICAL INTEGRATION OF THE HOUSES WITH THE SURROUNDINGS IS THE POWERFUL ARCHITECTURAL TOPIC OF HIS WORK, IT IS CLEAR HE ALSO TRIED TO PRECISELY FIT HIS BUILDINGS IN TO THE RURAL CULTURAL TRADITIONS - THE USE OF MATERIALS, EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS, NECESSITY OF WALKING ETC. AND WHAT’S MORE, THIS WAS IN SPITE OF THE WELL-OFF ITALIANS FROM THE MAINLAND, THAT FORMED HIS TYPICAL CLIENTELE. 

As an architect you can work top down or bottom up. Ponis worked bottom up which I have always found very interesting. If you meet him, he’s a very elegant grand seigneur, but his architecture is related to the way normal people in Sardinia would like to live. He created a new style out of a mixture of high culture, elegance, refined drawing and basic simplicity, pragmatic and down to the earth, which dominated the Sardinian building tradition.

He was not interested in the landscape as an abstract composition or an image only, but rather in the „cultural landscape” - a life in close connection with the land with all its benefits and challenges. I believe, one of his main goals was to invite rich people to appreciate the regional specificity, instead of importing their habits from the big cities and change the character of Sardinia forever.

When I was a student, the regional aspects of architecture or landscape architecture were something to avoid. Ponis instead was interested in fitting whatever he was doing into the regional context in the broad sense of the term. It was at the time a radically new approach. In the early sixties, nobody was interested in it. His houses were against the mainstream.

Today, all my students talk about the links between architecture, vernacular, regional, landscape etc., but we must look at the evolution of ideas and tastes in the last 60 years. 

OUT OF MANY HOUSES ALBERTO PONIS BUILT IN SARDINIA, WHAT MADE YOU CHOOSE CASA HARTLEY?

Yes, obviously, I haven’t chosen one of the more famous houses, where you have a rock in the living room, which I found a bit too direct and obvious manifestation of connection to the natural surroundings. 

I like Casa Hartley because it’s paradoxical. Unlike some of his other houses it has a strict geometrical rigor - its layout is based on concentric circles. Moreover, it is not a small house in terms of surface. The roof has significant shape and figure. Despite all of aforementioned features, it fits the scale, and the surroundings. It’s intimately embedded in the landscape as if it was another rounded rock. When you see it from afar, it really blends with the macchia mediteranea around. Its shapes and its materiality make it one with the natural formations around. You could even overlook it passing by.

Casa Hartley is also very much about how you get there, about the walk between the main road and the villa which is a promenade in itself. For me, the concept that the path through the landscape is an integral part of the experience of the house is extremely interesting.

THE BOOK OF SEBASTIANO BRANDOLINI „THE INHABITED PATH” STRESSES THAT ALBERTO PONIS ACCEPTED THE LANDSCAPE AS IT WAS. HE DIDN’T WANT TO INTERVENE BY GARDENING OR „CIVILIZING” THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE HOUSE.

All of the houses I have seen by Alberto Ponis are located directly in the landscape. There is no garden, and I really like it. The landscape starts and ends on the facade of the house. You leave your car at the end of a very low-class street, and you walk along a footpath, which ends in the building. You don’t even have a rosemary or basil bush, that you need for the kitchen. You’re really exposed to the nature. There is no space between you and the rocks or uncontrolled vegetation, no mediation, no softening of the transition. It’s just a house and the landscape. This is great.

FOR THE INHABITANT THIS APPROACH OFFERS AN INFINITE EXTENSION OF THE DOMESTIC SPACE. HOW DOES IT FEEL TO LIVE IN SUCH A HOUSE? 

Apparently nowadays it seems to be rather a problem than a benefit. Today’s society has a completely different understanding of holidays. The original owners traveled from Milano to such a house, to have a brilliant overview of the landscape. It was the time that a special position in the landscape was something that people dreamed about. Nowadays, this fascination is not as strong as it used to be. It’s still nice, but the time when holidays meant being in a specific spot, very specific to you, are over.

Today people would never agree to have such a holiday destination that they cultivate, care about, and come back to. Holidays are supposed to be rather a series of new, spectacular events to keep people entertained. The atmosphere, the wind and sun alone after two or three days are not stimulating enough, people are not interested in such topics anymore. It’s very difficult to make someone understand the central idea of a house in the middle of nowhere. Tourism changed a lot in the last 30, 40 years since Ponis built these houses.

I know it from Sebastiano Brandolini. He had a house in a beautiful location. I haven’t seen such a landscape in my life before. But when he wanted to rent it, his guests were complaining that after two or three days they felt alone, and they were bored.

I always have the feeling now that everybody speaks of being offline, without mobile phones and internet and so on. But when they arrive to such a house, they realise what it really means to be offline, alone in the landscape. 

Pretty quickly it turns out to be rather challenging. You have your kitchen, bathroom etc, but the fact of being alone and far from everything is dominant. Ponis’ approach was to offer this kind of experience. Overtime, less people see or understand these qualities.

DESPITE THAT, DO YOU STILL BELIEVE IN A PLACE TO RETURN TO, IN THE QUALITY OF ISOLATION?

Yes, I like to walk, to experience neighborhoods and so on and I don’t need to have fun all the time. I’m completely different, but I can understand that someone wants to have something else.

WHAT IS THE LESSON THE ARCHITECTURE OF PONIS CAN GIVE TO TODAY’S STUDENTS?

At the ETH I established a course for landscape architecture three years ago. During its formation, we held diverse panel discussions with landscape designers, artists etc. One of them was a talk with colleagues from the department of the natural scientists including geographers, geologists, and botanists. They told us that their academic programs stipulated, students must be outside in the real landscape, for 30% of time. They are infact teaching outside of the university, on site – in the field, for much of the time. To be a botanist, hydrologist you really must see a real river and only then discuss all the questions in front of it.

Alberto Ponis is similar to the botanists and hydrologists we met. He sketched the rocks and the trees. He was really in the landscape, spending time there, establishing an intimate relationship, getting to know about it from the first-hand experience. I find it very important and believe that it’s the future of teaching.

27.01.2023

岡瑟·沃格特(Günther Vogt):我已经去过撒丁岛很多次了。那里的风景很有趣,因为与瑞士不同,你会找到没有粗糙边缘的花岗岩。它们都是天然形成的。这意味着它们构造的过程蕴含着漫长的时光;此处的土地在很长一段时间内一直处于持续的侵蚀过程中。

然而,我选择的动机不是撒丁岛,而是阿尔贝托·波尼斯(Alberto Ponis)。我认识他本人;我们在帕劳见过面,他在那里有自己的办公室。他是一位在英国接受培训的建筑师,在60年代离开英国回到意大利后,没有在他的出生地热那亚定居,而是去了撒丁岛,建立了一种全新的建筑文化。他在那里发现的主要是农民和牧羊人的建筑。他不得不与非常简单、粗放的建造方式打交道。他真的可以从头开始。在那里,在这种原始的环境中,他发展了一种整体的观点,一种基于本地建筑和景观之间亲密关系的前所未有的文化。这听起来很容易,但在60年代,从景观中获取建筑的动力,绝对不是一个显然有效的设计途径。

虽然住宅与周围环境的物理融合是他作品中强有力的建筑主题,但很明显,他也试图使他的建筑与农村的文化传统相适应——材料的使用、暴露在环境中、步行的必要性等等。更重要的是,尽管是来自大陆的富裕的意大利人构成了他的典型客户群,他还是坚持这些。

作为一个建筑师,你可以自上而下或自下而上地工作。波尼斯自下而上地工作,我一直认为这非常有趣。如果你见到他,他是一个非常优雅的大领主,但他的建筑与撒丁岛的普通人喜欢的生活方式有关。他创造了一种新的风格,混合了高级文化、优雅、精致的绘图和基本的简单、务实和脚踏实地,这在撒丁岛的建筑传统中占主导地位。

他对作为抽象构图或图像的景观不感兴趣,而是对 "文化景观 "感兴趣——一种与土地紧密相连的生活,以及由之带来的益处和挑战。我相信,他的主要目标之一是邀请富人欣赏地区的特殊性,而不是从大城市引进他们的习惯去永久地改变撒丁岛的特征。

当我还是个学生的时候,建筑或景观建筑的区域性的外在表现是要避免的。相反,波尼斯对于将他所做的任何事情纳入广义的区域背景中感兴趣。这在当时是一个全新的方法。在60年代初,没有人对此感兴趣。他的住宅是反主流的。

今天,我所有的学生都在谈论建筑、乡土、区域、景观等之间的联系,但我们必须看一下过去60年中思想和品味的演变。

在阿尔贝托-波尼斯在撒丁岛建造的众多住宅中,是什么让你选择了哈特利宅(Casa Hartley)?

是的,很明显,我没有选择另一个更有名的住宅,在它的客厅里有一块石头,我觉得这有点太直接和明显地表现出与自然环境的联系。

我喜欢哈特利宅,因为它是自相矛盾的。与他的其他一些住宅不同,它有严格的几何严谨性--其布局是基于同心圆的。此外,就表面而言,它不是一栋小住宅。屋顶有显著的形状和数字。尽管有上述的特点,但它符合规模和环境。它紧密地嵌入景观中,仿佛是另一块圆形的岩石。当你从远处看到它时,它真的与周围的地中海灌木融为一体。它的形状和材质使它与周围的自然形态融为一体。当你经过时,你甚至可能忽略他。

哈特利宅也非常注重你如何到达那里,注重主路和住宅之间的步行体验,这本身就是一条景观步道。对我来说,在景观中穿行的步道是住宅体验的一个组成部分,这个概念非常有趣。

塞巴斯蒂亚诺·布兰多利尼(Sebastiano Brandolini)的书 "有人居住的道路(The Inhabited Path) "强调,阿尔贝托客波尼斯接受了景观的原貌。他不想通过园艺或 "文明化 "住宅周围的环境来进行干预。

我所见过的阿尔贝托客波尼斯的所有住宅都直接位于景观中。没有花园,而我非常喜欢这样。景观的起点和终点都在住宅的外墙上。你把车放在一条非常低级别的街道的尽头,你沿着一条步道走,这条步道的尽头就是建筑物。你甚至没有厨房所需的迷迭香或罗勒树丛。

你真的暴露在大自然中。在你和岩石或不受控制的植被之间没有空间,没有调解,没有软化的过渡。这只是一个住宅和景观。这很好。

对于居民来说,这种方法提供了一个无限延伸的家庭空间。住在这样的住宅里是什么感觉?

显然,如今这似乎是一个问题,而不是一个好处。今天的社会对假期有完全不同的理解。原先的主人从米兰来到这样的住宅,是为了拥有一个辉煌的景观视野。那时候,在景观中的特殊位置是人们梦寐以求的东西。如今,这种迷恋已经不像从前那样强烈。它仍然算好,但假期意味着呆在一个特别的地点,尤其是对你来说非常特别的,这个时代,已经过去了。

今天,人们绝不会同意拥有这样一个他们培养的、关心的、一再归来的度假目的地。假期应该是相当多的新的、壮观的事件,使人们保持被取悦状态。仅仅感受气氛、风和太阳,度过两到三天是不够刺激的,人们对这样的话题已经不感兴趣了。要让人理解在荒郊野外之中的住宅的核心理念是非常困难的。自从波尼斯建造这些住宅以来,在过去的3040年里,旅游业发生了很大的变化。

我是从塞巴斯蒂亚诺客布兰多利尼那里知道的。他在一个美丽的地方有一所住宅。在我的生活中,我还没有见过这样的风景。但当他想出租时,他的客人却抱怨说,两三天后,他们感到孤独,他们很无聊。

我现在总有一种感觉,每个人都在谈论离线,没有移动电话和互联网等等。但是,当他们到达这样的住宅时,他们才意识到离线的真正含义,独自在风景中。

很快,这就变成了一个相当大的挑战。尽管你有你的厨房、浴室等,但孤独和远离一切的事实是第一位的。波尼斯的目的是提供这种体验。随着时间的推移,越来越少的人看到或理解这些品质。

尽管这样,你仍然相信有一个可以返回的地方,存在有品质的独处?

是的,我喜欢散步,喜欢体验街区等等,我不需要一直有乐趣。我是完全不同的,但我能理解有人想拥有别的东西。

波尼斯的建筑能给今天的学生带来什么启示?

三年前,我在ETH建立了一个景观建筑的课程。在它的形成过程中,我们与景观设计师、艺术家等举行了各种小组讨论。其中一个是与自然科学家部门的同事们的谈话,包括地理学家、地质学家和植物学家。他们告诉我们,他们的学术课程规定,学生必须在外面的真实野外中,度过30%的时间。事实上,他们是在大学以外的地方教学,在现场--在野外,大部分时间都是如此。要成为一名植物学家、水文学家,你真的必须看到一条真正的河流,然后才能在它面前讨论所有问题。

阿尔贝托客波尼斯与我们遇到的植物学家和水文学家相似。他为岩石和树木画草图。他真的在景观中,花时间在那里,与之建立一种亲密的关系,从第一手的经验中了解它。我觉得这非常重要,并相信这是教学的未来。

2023127

Günther Vogt: I have been to Sardinia many times. The landscape there is interesting because, unlike in Switzerland, you have granite rocks without rough edges. They’re all organically shaped. This means there is a lot of time encapsulated in their formation; the land has been in a continuous process of erosion for a very long time.

However, the motivation for my choice is not Sardinia, but the figure of Alberto Ponis. I know him personally; we met in Palau where he has his office. He is an architect, trained in the UK, who in the 60’s, having left England and come back to Italy, instead of settling down in his birthplace, Genova, went to Sardinia and established a completely new architectural culture. What he found there were mainly buildings for farmers and shepherds. He had to deal with the very simple, rudimentary way of building. He could really start from scratch. There, in this primitive context, he developed a holistic view, an unprecedented culture based on an intimate relation between domestic architecture and the landscape. It sounds easy, but in the 60’s, to take the driving force for one’s architecture from landscape, was definitely not the obvious route.

WHILST THE PHYSICAL INTEGRATION OF THE HOUSES WITH THE SURROUNDINGS IS THE POWERFUL ARCHITECTURAL TOPIC OF HIS WORK, IT IS CLEAR HE ALSO TRIED TO PRECISELY FIT HIS BUILDINGS IN TO THE RURAL CULTURAL TRADITIONS - THE USE OF MATERIALS, EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS, NECESSITY OF WALKING ETC. AND WHAT’S MORE, THIS WAS IN SPITE OF THE WELL-OFF ITALIANS FROM THE MAINLAND, THAT FORMED HIS TYPICAL CLIENTELE. 

As an architect you can work top down or bottom up. Ponis worked bottom up which I have always found very interesting. If you meet him, he’s a very elegant grand seigneur, but his architecture is related to the way normal people in Sardinia would like to live. He created a new style out of a mixture of high culture, elegance, refined drawing and basic simplicity, pragmatic and down to the earth, which dominated the Sardinian building tradition.

He was not interested in the landscape as an abstract composition or an image only, but rather in the „cultural landscape” - a life in close connection with the land with all its benefits and challenges. I believe, one of his main goals was to invite rich people to appreciate the regional specificity, instead of importing their habits from the big cities and change the character of Sardinia forever.

When I was a student, the regional aspects of architecture or landscape architecture were something to avoid. Ponis instead was interested in fitting whatever he was doing into the regional context in the broad sense of the term. It was at the time a radically new approach. In the early sixties, nobody was interested in it. His houses were against the mainstream.

Today, all my students talk about the links between architecture, vernacular, regional, landscape etc., but we must look at the evolution of ideas and tastes in the last 60 years. 

OUT OF MANY HOUSES ALBERTO PONIS BUILT IN SARDINIA, WHAT MADE YOU CHOOSE CASA HARTLEY?

Yes, obviously, I haven’t chosen one of the more famous houses, where you have a rock in the living room, which I found a bit too direct and obvious manifestation of connection to the natural surroundings. 

I like Casa Hartley because it’s paradoxical. Unlike some of his other houses it has a strict geometrical rigor - its layout is based on concentric circles. Moreover, it is not a small house in terms of surface. The roof has significant shape and figure. Despite all of aforementioned features, it fits the scale, and the surroundings. It’s intimately embedded in the landscape as if it was another rounded rock. When you see it from afar, it really blends with the macchia mediteranea around. Its shapes and its materiality make it one with the natural formations around. You could even overlook it passing by.

Casa Hartley is also very much about how you get there, about the walk between the main road and the villa which is a promenade in itself. For me, the concept that the path through the landscape is an integral part of the experience of the house is extremely interesting.

THE BOOK OF SEBASTIANO BRANDOLINI „THE INHABITED PATH” STRESSES THAT ALBERTO PONIS ACCEPTED THE LANDSCAPE AS IT WAS. HE DIDN’T WANT TO INTERVENE BY GARDENING OR „CIVILIZING” THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE HOUSE.

All of the houses I have seen by Alberto Ponis are located directly in the landscape. There is no garden, and I really like it. The landscape starts and ends on the facade of the house. You leave your car at the end of a very low-class street, and you walk along a footpath, which ends in the building. You don’t even have a rosemary or basil bush, that you need for the kitchen. You’re really exposed to the nature. There is no space between you and the rocks or uncontrolled vegetation, no mediation, no softening of the transition. It’s just a house and the landscape. This is great.

FOR THE INHABITANT THIS APPROACH OFFERS AN INFINITE EXTENSION OF THE DOMESTIC SPACE. HOW DOES IT FEEL TO LIVE IN SUCH A HOUSE? 

Apparently nowadays it seems to be rather a problem than a benefit. Today’s society has a completely different understanding of holidays. The original owners traveled from Milano to such a house, to have a brilliant overview of the landscape. It was the time that a special position in the landscape was something that people dreamed about. Nowadays, this fascination is not as strong as it used to be. It’s still nice, but the time when holidays meant being in a specific spot, very specific to you, are over.

Today people would never agree to have such a holiday destination that they cultivate, care about, and come back to. Holidays are supposed to be rather a series of new, spectacular events to keep people entertained. The atmosphere, the wind and sun alone after two or three days are not stimulating enough, people are not interested in such topics anymore. It’s very difficult to make someone understand the central idea of a house in the middle of nowhere. Tourism changed a lot in the last 30, 40 years since Ponis built these houses.

I know it from Sebastiano Brandolini. He had a house in a beautiful location. I haven’t seen such a landscape in my life before. But when he wanted to rent it, his guests were complaining that after two or three days they felt alone, and they were bored.

I always have the feeling now that everybody speaks of being offline, without mobile phones and internet and so on. But when they arrive to such a house, they realise what it really means to be offline, alone in the landscape. 

Pretty quickly it turns out to be rather challenging. You have your kitchen, bathroom etc, but the fact of being alone and far from everything is dominant. Ponis’ approach was to offer this kind of experience. Overtime, less people see or understand these qualities.

DESPITE THAT, DO YOU STILL BELIEVE IN A PLACE TO RETURN TO, IN THE QUALITY OF ISOLATION?

Yes, I like to walk, to experience neighborhoods and so on and I don’t need to have fun all the time. I’m completely different, but I can understand that someone wants to have something else.

WHAT IS THE LESSON THE ARCHITECTURE OF PONIS CAN GIVE TO TODAY’S STUDENTS?

At the ETH I established a course for landscape architecture three years ago. During its formation, we held diverse panel discussions with landscape designers, artists etc. One of them was a talk with colleagues from the department of the natural scientists including geographers, geologists, and botanists. They told us that their academic programs stipulated, students must be outside in the real landscape, for 30% of time. They are infact teaching outside of the university, on site – in the field, for much of the time. To be a botanist, hydrologist you really must see a real river and only then discuss all the questions in front of it.

Alberto Ponis is similar to the botanists and hydrologists we met. He sketched the rocks and the trees. He was really in the landscape, spending time there, establishing an intimate relationship, getting to know about it from the first-hand experience. I find it very important and believe that it’s the future of teaching.

27.01.2023

岡瑟·沃格特(Günther Vogt):我已经去过撒丁岛很多次了。那里的风景很有趣,因为与瑞士不同,你会找到没有粗糙边缘的花岗岩。它们都是天然形成的。这意味着它们构造的过程蕴含着漫长的时光;此处的土地在很长一段时间内一直处于持续的侵蚀过程中。

然而,我选择的动机不是撒丁岛,而是阿尔贝托·波尼斯(Alberto Ponis)。我认识他本人;我们在帕劳见过面,他在那里有自己的办公室。他是一位在英国接受培训的建筑师,在60年代离开英国回到意大利后,没有在他的出生地热那亚定居,而是去了撒丁岛,建立了一种全新的建筑文化。他在那里发现的主要是农民和牧羊人的建筑。他不得不与非常简单、粗放的建造方式打交道。他真的可以从头开始。在那里,在这种原始的环境中,他发展了一种整体的观点,一种基于本地建筑和景观之间亲密关系的前所未有的文化。这听起来很容易,但在60年代,从景观中获取建筑的动力,绝对不是一个显然有效的设计途径。

虽然住宅与周围环境的物理融合是他作品中强有力的建筑主题,但很明显,他也试图使他的建筑与农村的文化传统相适应——材料的使用、暴露在环境中、步行的必要性等等。更重要的是,尽管是来自大陆的富裕的意大利人构成了他的典型客户群,他还是坚持这些。

作为一个建筑师,你可以自上而下或自下而上地工作。波尼斯自下而上地工作,我一直认为这非常有趣。如果你见到他,他是一个非常优雅的大领主,但他的建筑与撒丁岛的普通人喜欢的生活方式有关。他创造了一种新的风格,混合了高级文化、优雅、精致的绘图和基本的简单、务实和脚踏实地,这在撒丁岛的建筑传统中占主导地位。

他对作为抽象构图或图像的景观不感兴趣,而是对 "文化景观 "感兴趣——一种与土地紧密相连的生活,以及由之带来的益处和挑战。我相信,他的主要目标之一是邀请富人欣赏地区的特殊性,而不是从大城市引进他们的习惯去永久地改变撒丁岛的特征。

当我还是个学生的时候,建筑或景观建筑的区域性的外在表现是要避免的。相反,波尼斯对于将他所做的任何事情纳入广义的区域背景中感兴趣。这在当时是一个全新的方法。在60年代初,没有人对此感兴趣。他的住宅是反主流的。

今天,我所有的学生都在谈论建筑、乡土、区域、景观等之间的联系,但我们必须看一下过去60年中思想和品味的演变。

在阿尔贝托-波尼斯在撒丁岛建造的众多住宅中,是什么让你选择了哈特利宅(Casa Hartley)?

是的,很明显,我没有选择另一个更有名的住宅,在它的客厅里有一块石头,我觉得这有点太直接和明显地表现出与自然环境的联系。

我喜欢哈特利宅,因为它是自相矛盾的。与他的其他一些住宅不同,它有严格的几何严谨性--其布局是基于同心圆的。此外,就表面而言,它不是一栋小住宅。屋顶有显著的形状和数字。尽管有上述的特点,但它符合规模和环境。它紧密地嵌入景观中,仿佛是另一块圆形的岩石。当你从远处看到它时,它真的与周围的地中海灌木融为一体。它的形状和材质使它与周围的自然形态融为一体。当你经过时,你甚至可能忽略他。

哈特利宅也非常注重你如何到达那里,注重主路和住宅之间的步行体验,这本身就是一条景观步道。对我来说,在景观中穿行的步道是住宅体验的一个组成部分,这个概念非常有趣。

塞巴斯蒂亚诺·布兰多利尼(Sebastiano Brandolini)的书 "有人居住的道路(The Inhabited Path) "强调,阿尔贝托客波尼斯接受了景观的原貌。他不想通过园艺或 "文明化 "住宅周围的环境来进行干预。

我所见过的阿尔贝托客波尼斯的所有住宅都直接位于景观中。没有花园,而我非常喜欢这样。景观的起点和终点都在住宅的外墙上。你把车放在一条非常低级别的街道的尽头,你沿着一条步道走,这条步道的尽头就是建筑物。你甚至没有厨房所需的迷迭香或罗勒树丛。

你真的暴露在大自然中。在你和岩石或不受控制的植被之间没有空间,没有调解,没有软化的过渡。这只是一个住宅和景观。这很好。

对于居民来说,这种方法提供了一个无限延伸的家庭空间。住在这样的住宅里是什么感觉?

显然,如今这似乎是一个问题,而不是一个好处。今天的社会对假期有完全不同的理解。原先的主人从米兰来到这样的住宅,是为了拥有一个辉煌的景观视野。那时候,在景观中的特殊位置是人们梦寐以求的东西。如今,这种迷恋已经不像从前那样强烈。它仍然算好,但假期意味着呆在一个特别的地点,尤其是对你来说非常特别的,这个时代,已经过去了。

今天,人们绝不会同意拥有这样一个他们培养的、关心的、一再归来的度假目的地。假期应该是相当多的新的、壮观的事件,使人们保持被取悦状态。仅仅感受气氛、风和太阳,度过两到三天是不够刺激的,人们对这样的话题已经不感兴趣了。要让人理解在荒郊野外之中的住宅的核心理念是非常困难的。自从波尼斯建造这些住宅以来,在过去的3040年里,旅游业发生了很大的变化。

我是从塞巴斯蒂亚诺客布兰多利尼那里知道的。他在一个美丽的地方有一所住宅。在我的生活中,我还没有见过这样的风景。但当他想出租时,他的客人却抱怨说,两三天后,他们感到孤独,他们很无聊。

我现在总有一种感觉,每个人都在谈论离线,没有移动电话和互联网等等。但是,当他们到达这样的住宅时,他们才意识到离线的真正含义,独自在风景中。

很快,这就变成了一个相当大的挑战。尽管你有你的厨房、浴室等,但孤独和远离一切的事实是第一位的。波尼斯的目的是提供这种体验。随着时间的推移,越来越少的人看到或理解这些品质。

尽管这样,你仍然相信有一个可以返回的地方,存在有品质的独处?

是的,我喜欢散步,喜欢体验街区等等,我不需要一直有乐趣。我是完全不同的,但我能理解有人想拥有别的东西。

波尼斯的建筑能给今天的学生带来什么启示?

三年前,我在ETH建立了一个景观建筑的课程。在它的形成过程中,我们与景观设计师、艺术家等举行了各种小组讨论。其中一个是与自然科学家部门的同事们的谈话,包括地理学家、地质学家和植物学家。他们告诉我们,他们的学术课程规定,学生必须在外面的真实野外中,度过30%的时间。事实上,他们是在大学以外的地方教学,在现场--在野外,大部分时间都是如此。要成为一名植物学家、水文学家,你真的必须看到一条真正的河流,然后才能在它面前讨论所有问题。

阿尔贝托客波尼斯与我们遇到的植物学家和水文学家相似。他为岩石和树木画草图。他真的在景观中,花时间在那里,与之建立一种亲密的关系,从第一手的经验中了解它。我觉得这非常重要,并相信这是教学的未来。

2023127

Günther Vogt: I have been to Sardinia many times. The landscape there is interesting because, unlike in Switzerland, you have granite rocks without rough edges. They’re all organically shaped. This means there is a lot of time encapsulated in their formation; the land has been in a continuous process of erosion for a very long time.

However, the motivation for my choice is not Sardinia, but the figure of Alberto Ponis. I know him personally; we met in Palau where he has his office. He is an architect, trained in the UK, who in the 60’s, having left England and come back to Italy, instead of settling down in his birthplace, Genova, went to Sardinia and established a completely new architectural culture. What he found there were mainly buildings for farmers and shepherds. He had to deal with the very simple, rudimentary way of building. He could really start from scratch. There, in this primitive context, he developed a holistic view, an unprecedented culture based on an intimate relation between domestic architecture and the landscape. It sounds easy, but in the 60’s, to take the driving force for one’s architecture from landscape, was definitely not the obvious route.

WHILST THE PHYSICAL INTEGRATION OF THE HOUSES WITH THE SURROUNDINGS IS THE POWERFUL ARCHITECTURAL TOPIC OF HIS WORK, IT IS CLEAR HE ALSO TRIED TO PRECISELY FIT HIS BUILDINGS IN TO THE RURAL CULTURAL TRADITIONS - THE USE OF MATERIALS, EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS, NECESSITY OF WALKING ETC. AND WHAT’S MORE, THIS WAS IN SPITE OF THE WELL-OFF ITALIANS FROM THE MAINLAND, THAT FORMED HIS TYPICAL CLIENTELE. 

As an architect you can work top down or bottom up. Ponis worked bottom up which I have always found very interesting. If you meet him, he’s a very elegant grand seigneur, but his architecture is related to the way normal people in Sardinia would like to live. He created a new style out of a mixture of high culture, elegance, refined drawing and basic simplicity, pragmatic and down to the earth, which dominated the Sardinian building tradition.

He was not interested in the landscape as an abstract composition or an image only, but rather in the „cultural landscape” - a life in close connection with the land with all its benefits and challenges. I believe, one of his main goals was to invite rich people to appreciate the regional specificity, instead of importing their habits from the big cities and change the character of Sardinia forever.

When I was a student, the regional aspects of architecture or landscape architecture were something to avoid. Ponis instead was interested in fitting whatever he was doing into the regional context in the broad sense of the term. It was at the time a radically new approach. In the early sixties, nobody was interested in it. His houses were against the mainstream.

Today, all my students talk about the links between architecture, vernacular, regional, landscape etc., but we must look at the evolution of ideas and tastes in the last 60 years. 

OUT OF MANY HOUSES ALBERTO PONIS BUILT IN SARDINIA, WHAT MADE YOU CHOOSE CASA HARTLEY?

Yes, obviously, I haven’t chosen one of the more famous houses, where you have a rock in the living room, which I found a bit too direct and obvious manifestation of connection to the natural surroundings. 

I like Casa Hartley because it’s paradoxical. Unlike some of his other houses it has a strict geometrical rigor - its layout is based on concentric circles. Moreover, it is not a small house in terms of surface. The roof has significant shape and figure. Despite all of aforementioned features, it fits the scale, and the surroundings. It’s intimately embedded in the landscape as if it was another rounded rock. When you see it from afar, it really blends with the macchia mediteranea around. Its shapes and its materiality make it one with the natural formations around. You could even overlook it passing by.

Casa Hartley is also very much about how you get there, about the walk between the main road and the villa which is a promenade in itself. For me, the concept that the path through the landscape is an integral part of the experience of the house is extremely interesting.

THE BOOK OF SEBASTIANO BRANDOLINI „THE INHABITED PATH” STRESSES THAT ALBERTO PONIS ACCEPTED THE LANDSCAPE AS IT WAS. HE DIDN’T WANT TO INTERVENE BY GARDENING OR „CIVILIZING” THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE HOUSE.

All of the houses I have seen by Alberto Ponis are located directly in the landscape. There is no garden, and I really like it. The landscape starts and ends on the facade of the house. You leave your car at the end of a very low-class street, and you walk along a footpath, which ends in the building. You don’t even have a rosemary or basil bush, that you need for the kitchen. You’re really exposed to the nature. There is no space between you and the rocks or uncontrolled vegetation, no mediation, no softening of the transition. It’s just a house and the landscape. This is great.

FOR THE INHABITANT THIS APPROACH OFFERS AN INFINITE EXTENSION OF THE DOMESTIC SPACE. HOW DOES IT FEEL TO LIVE IN SUCH A HOUSE? 

Apparently nowadays it seems to be rather a problem than a benefit. Today’s society has a completely different understanding of holidays. The original owners traveled from Milano to such a house, to have a brilliant overview of the landscape. It was the time that a special position in the landscape was something that people dreamed about. Nowadays, this fascination is not as strong as it used to be. It’s still nice, but the time when holidays meant being in a specific spot, very specific to you, are over.

Today people would never agree to have such a holiday destination that they cultivate, care about, and come back to. Holidays are supposed to be rather a series of new, spectacular events to keep people entertained. The atmosphere, the wind and sun alone after two or three days are not stimulating enough, people are not interested in such topics anymore. It’s very difficult to make someone understand the central idea of a house in the middle of nowhere. Tourism changed a lot in the last 30, 40 years since Ponis built these houses.

I know it from Sebastiano Brandolini. He had a house in a beautiful location. I haven’t seen such a landscape in my life before. But when he wanted to rent it, his guests were complaining that after two or three days they felt alone, and they were bored.

I always have the feeling now that everybody speaks of being offline, without mobile phones and internet and so on. But when they arrive to such a house, they realise what it really means to be offline, alone in the landscape. 

Pretty quickly it turns out to be rather challenging. You have your kitchen, bathroom etc, but the fact of being alone and far from everything is dominant. Ponis’ approach was to offer this kind of experience. Overtime, less people see or understand these qualities.

DESPITE THAT, DO YOU STILL BELIEVE IN A PLACE TO RETURN TO, IN THE QUALITY OF ISOLATION?

Yes, I like to walk, to experience neighborhoods and so on and I don’t need to have fun all the time. I’m completely different, but I can understand that someone wants to have something else.

WHAT IS THE LESSON THE ARCHITECTURE OF PONIS CAN GIVE TO TODAY’S STUDENTS?

At the ETH I established a course for landscape architecture three years ago. During its formation, we held diverse panel discussions with landscape designers, artists etc. One of them was a talk with colleagues from the department of the natural scientists including geographers, geologists, and botanists. They told us that their academic programs stipulated, students must be outside in the real landscape, for 30% of time. They are infact teaching outside of the university, on site – in the field, for much of the time. To be a botanist, hydrologist you really must see a real river and only then discuss all the questions in front of it.

Alberto Ponis is similar to the botanists and hydrologists we met. He sketched the rocks and the trees. He was really in the landscape, spending time there, establishing an intimate relationship, getting to know about it from the first-hand experience. I find it very important and believe that it’s the future of teaching.

27.01.2023

岡瑟·沃格特(Günther Vogt):我已经去过撒丁岛很多次了。那里的风景很有趣,因为与瑞士不同,你会找到没有粗糙边缘的花岗岩。它们都是天然形成的。这意味着它们构造的过程蕴含着漫长的时光;此处的土地在很长一段时间内一直处于持续的侵蚀过程中。

然而,我选择的动机不是撒丁岛,而是阿尔贝托·波尼斯(Alberto Ponis)。我认识他本人;我们在帕劳见过面,他在那里有自己的办公室。他是一位在英国接受培训的建筑师,在60年代离开英国回到意大利后,没有在他的出生地热那亚定居,而是去了撒丁岛,建立了一种全新的建筑文化。他在那里发现的主要是农民和牧羊人的建筑。他不得不与非常简单、粗放的建造方式打交道。他真的可以从头开始。在那里,在这种原始的环境中,他发展了一种整体的观点,一种基于本地建筑和景观之间亲密关系的前所未有的文化。这听起来很容易,但在60年代,从景观中获取建筑的动力,绝对不是一个显然有效的设计途径。

虽然住宅与周围环境的物理融合是他作品中强有力的建筑主题,但很明显,他也试图使他的建筑与农村的文化传统相适应——材料的使用、暴露在环境中、步行的必要性等等。更重要的是,尽管是来自大陆的富裕的意大利人构成了他的典型客户群,他还是坚持这些。

作为一个建筑师,你可以自上而下或自下而上地工作。波尼斯自下而上地工作,我一直认为这非常有趣。如果你见到他,他是一个非常优雅的大领主,但他的建筑与撒丁岛的普通人喜欢的生活方式有关。他创造了一种新的风格,混合了高级文化、优雅、精致的绘图和基本的简单、务实和脚踏实地,这在撒丁岛的建筑传统中占主导地位。

他对作为抽象构图或图像的景观不感兴趣,而是对 "文化景观 "感兴趣——一种与土地紧密相连的生活,以及由之带来的益处和挑战。我相信,他的主要目标之一是邀请富人欣赏地区的特殊性,而不是从大城市引进他们的习惯去永久地改变撒丁岛的特征。

当我还是个学生的时候,建筑或景观建筑的区域性的外在表现是要避免的。相反,波尼斯对于将他所做的任何事情纳入广义的区域背景中感兴趣。这在当时是一个全新的方法。在60年代初,没有人对此感兴趣。他的住宅是反主流的。

今天,我所有的学生都在谈论建筑、乡土、区域、景观等之间的联系,但我们必须看一下过去60年中思想和品味的演变。

在阿尔贝托-波尼斯在撒丁岛建造的众多住宅中,是什么让你选择了哈特利宅(Casa Hartley)?

是的,很明显,我没有选择另一个更有名的住宅,在它的客厅里有一块石头,我觉得这有点太直接和明显地表现出与自然环境的联系。

我喜欢哈特利宅,因为它是自相矛盾的。与他的其他一些住宅不同,它有严格的几何严谨性--其布局是基于同心圆的。此外,就表面而言,它不是一栋小住宅。屋顶有显著的形状和数字。尽管有上述的特点,但它符合规模和环境。它紧密地嵌入景观中,仿佛是另一块圆形的岩石。当你从远处看到它时,它真的与周围的地中海灌木融为一体。它的形状和材质使它与周围的自然形态融为一体。当你经过时,你甚至可能忽略他。

哈特利宅也非常注重你如何到达那里,注重主路和住宅之间的步行体验,这本身就是一条景观步道。对我来说,在景观中穿行的步道是住宅体验的一个组成部分,这个概念非常有趣。

塞巴斯蒂亚诺·布兰多利尼(Sebastiano Brandolini)的书 "有人居住的道路(The Inhabited Path) "强调,阿尔贝托客波尼斯接受了景观的原貌。他不想通过园艺或 "文明化 "住宅周围的环境来进行干预。

我所见过的阿尔贝托客波尼斯的所有住宅都直接位于景观中。没有花园,而我非常喜欢这样。景观的起点和终点都在住宅的外墙上。你把车放在一条非常低级别的街道的尽头,你沿着一条步道走,这条步道的尽头就是建筑物。你甚至没有厨房所需的迷迭香或罗勒树丛。

你真的暴露在大自然中。在你和岩石或不受控制的植被之间没有空间,没有调解,没有软化的过渡。这只是一个住宅和景观。这很好。

对于居民来说,这种方法提供了一个无限延伸的家庭空间。住在这样的住宅里是什么感觉?

显然,如今这似乎是一个问题,而不是一个好处。今天的社会对假期有完全不同的理解。原先的主人从米兰来到这样的住宅,是为了拥有一个辉煌的景观视野。那时候,在景观中的特殊位置是人们梦寐以求的东西。如今,这种迷恋已经不像从前那样强烈。它仍然算好,但假期意味着呆在一个特别的地点,尤其是对你来说非常特别的,这个时代,已经过去了。

今天,人们绝不会同意拥有这样一个他们培养的、关心的、一再归来的度假目的地。假期应该是相当多的新的、壮观的事件,使人们保持被取悦状态。仅仅感受气氛、风和太阳,度过两到三天是不够刺激的,人们对这样的话题已经不感兴趣了。要让人理解在荒郊野外之中的住宅的核心理念是非常困难的。自从波尼斯建造这些住宅以来,在过去的3040年里,旅游业发生了很大的变化。

我是从塞巴斯蒂亚诺客布兰多利尼那里知道的。他在一个美丽的地方有一所住宅。在我的生活中,我还没有见过这样的风景。但当他想出租时,他的客人却抱怨说,两三天后,他们感到孤独,他们很无聊。

我现在总有一种感觉,每个人都在谈论离线,没有移动电话和互联网等等。但是,当他们到达这样的住宅时,他们才意识到离线的真正含义,独自在风景中。

很快,这就变成了一个相当大的挑战。尽管你有你的厨房、浴室等,但孤独和远离一切的事实是第一位的。波尼斯的目的是提供这种体验。随着时间的推移,越来越少的人看到或理解这些品质。

尽管这样,你仍然相信有一个可以返回的地方,存在有品质的独处?

是的,我喜欢散步,喜欢体验街区等等,我不需要一直有乐趣。我是完全不同的,但我能理解有人想拥有别的东西。

波尼斯的建筑能给今天的学生带来什么启示?

三年前,我在ETH建立了一个景观建筑的课程。在它的形成过程中,我们与景观设计师、艺术家等举行了各种小组讨论。其中一个是与自然科学家部门的同事们的谈话,包括地理学家、地质学家和植物学家。他们告诉我们,他们的学术课程规定,学生必须在外面的真实野外中,度过30%的时间。事实上,他们是在大学以外的地方教学,在现场--在野外,大部分时间都是如此。要成为一名植物学家、水文学家,你真的必须看到一条真正的河流,然后才能在它面前讨论所有问题。

阿尔贝托客波尼斯与我们遇到的植物学家和水文学家相似。他为岩石和树木画草图。他真的在景观中,花时间在那里,与之建立一种亲密的关系,从第一手的经验中了解它。我觉得这非常重要,并相信这是教学的未来。

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GÜNTHER VOGT

is a landscape architect with a passion for and deep knowledge of plants and literature. He founded Vogt Landscape Architects in 2000. Today he develops national and international projects in his offices in Zurich, London, and Berlin, working regularly on projects of national and international acclaim in collaboration with high-profile architectural firms.

www.vogt-la.com

GÜNTHER VOGT

is a landscape architect with a passion for and deep knowledge of plants and literature. He founded Vogt Landscape Architects in 2000. Today he develops national and international projects in his offices in Zurich, London, and Berlin, working regularly on projects of national and international acclaim in collaboration with high-profile architectural firms.

www.vogt-la.com

GÜNTHER VOGT

is a landscape architect with a passion for and deep knowledge of plants and literature. He founded Vogt Landscape Architects in 2000. Today he develops national and international projects in his offices in Zurich, London, and Berlin, working regularly on projects of national and international acclaim in collaboration with high-profile architectural firms.

www.vogt-la.com